air int water

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Johathan Ritchey has invented the Watermill, which is an atmospheric water generator. It converts air into fresh water.

Air Into Water

This latest technology invention produces fresh water at a cost of about 3 cents a liter (1 quart). Originally designed for areas that do not have clean drinking water, the Watermill is for households that prefer an eco-friendly, cost effective alternative to bottled water.
Atmospheric water generators convert air into water when the temperature of the air becomes saturated with enough water vapor that it begins to condense (dew point).
"What is unique about the Watermill is that it has intelligence," says Ritche. This makes the appliance more efficient. It samples the air every 3 minutes to determine the most efficient time to convert the air into water.
It will also tell you when to change the carbon filter and will shut itself off if it cannot make pure clean water.

battery operate in liquid

Batteries That Operate With Any Liquid

                                    Chungpin Liao, a professor at the Graduate School of Electro-Optic and Material Science of National Formosa University in Taiwan has invented an organic battery that creates electricity when wet. The "organic" battery generates a charge within 10 seconds and will last anywhere from two days to a week depending on the liquid. It works with water, beverages or even urine.
Although it will only produce half the strength of traditional batteries, the organic battery has a storage capacity greater than water-powered fuel cells and is very cheap to manufacture.
"Plus it contains no toxic substances and does not pose an environmental hazard" says Chungpin.
Liao received his degree in nuclear engineering from National Tsing Hua University in Hsinchu, Taiwan. He earned his Masters and Ph.D degrees in plasma science and fusion technology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, United States.

body interfacing

Body Interfacing

One of the newest invention ideas in interface devices is Skinput.
This invention allows the sufaces of your body to be used as a touchscreen.
This is how it works.
An armband projects the image of a menu or keyboard onto your hand or forearm. This armband also contains an bio-acoustic sensor that can detect and analyze sound frequencies.
Because of bone density, joints, and soft tissue, different locations on the body have different acoustic properties.
When you tap your finger on different parts of your body it creates a unique frequency based on the specific area.
Skinput can detect what part of a projected image you are touching and in turn can transmit a wireless signal to a computer, smart phone or other device.
Skinput was created by the project team of Desney Tan, a senior researcher in the Visulization and Interaction Area at Microsoft Research; Dan Morris, a researcher in the Computational User Experiences at Microsoft Research; and Chris Harrison, a third year Ph.D student in the Human-Computer Interaction Institute at Carnegie Mellon Univeristy.

5G technology

5g technology

                                                         The fifth generation mobile technology is the latest invention after 2G, 3G or 4G in the list of research and developmental projects. Currently, 5G is being used to develop beyond the limitations of 4G technology.
                                                             It is also being developed to utilize wireless technology to the best of its ability. But, the problem lies in the fact that, experts in technology are doubtful about the development and success of 5G since there aren’t any set standards or specifications which can certify any device as a 5G device. 
                                                                     In the past, 2G and 3G wireless technologies took over 10 years to develop. Thus, it is but natural for the experts to be disinterested due to lack of any solid research on 5G technology.

Would it lead to faster data rates?    

                                    In the developing stages, probably no.  Just like, 3G brought over several changes than 2G, 4G is much more advanced than 3G. 
                                    However, the concentration on the 5G technology would be on erasing out the service boundaries. 
                                  Today, the service provided is limited by its reach and coverage. The key ideas brought in the forefront by the research hints at the idea that users will be able t switch between several networks if the current network signal becomes weak.

When can we expect to use it?

                                                                  5G is still in a pre-developmental stage and thus it will take months and years before it can be implemented on a large scale basis to be capable of using.

nanodiamound

Nanodiamond Circuits to Work in Extreme Conditions

sciencegeek on August 8th, 2011

                                
                                  Scientists at Vanderbilt University have developed computer chips and circuits made up of Diamond film to make them more venerable than their silicon counterparts. Transistors and Logic gates of Diamond have already been developed and they are now working to create complete microelectronic devices with diamond parts. Such devices can operate at higher speed and need less power than silicon made devices.
In journal Electronics Letters, the design of such diamond logic gates have been described. Research Professor and head of team, Jimmy Davidson said that devices using diamond parts will not be expensive as 1 carat of diamond can be fabricated to make around 1 billion such devices. Diamond films used to create these devices are made up chemical vapor deposition technique that uses hydrogen and methane. This form of diamond is much cheaper than conventional diamond used in jewelry. This makes them economical and a tough competitor to silicon parts.
Nanodiamond circuits use technologies of old fashioned vacuum tubes as well as solid state microelectronics. A thin film of diamond is laid down on silicon oxide layer. This facilitates movement of electrons through vacuum between nanodiamond components. This reduces the problem of heating up of normal microelectronics devices as in these types of devices a vacuum movement of electron occurs. Also diamond being the best electron emitter needs much less energy to produce electron beams, which in turn reduced the electricity consumption to operate these devices.
Another major advantage of nanodiamond devices is that such devices are immune to radiation damage which causes the tripping of circuits in normal electronics devices. As electrons moves in vacuum in nanodiamond devices, there are no energetic particles to disrupt.
So you can easily imagine the benefits of such nanodiamond devices.

microwave technology

Quantum Computers Using Microwave Technology

sciencegeek on August 14th, 2011

Scientist has got success in linking the quantum properties of two separated ions using microwaves to manipulate them. This is currently done with the help of laser beams and now this advancement can shrink the size of quantum computers. This research has been done at NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) which has been published in Nature.
Microwaves have been used previously in manipulating single ions, but this is the first time when scientist from NIST used this on two separated ions places just 30 micrometers away. This kind of process give rise to a quantum mechanism which is crucial for information transportation and error correction in Quantum computers.
The mentioned experiment use desktop scale table of lasers and very small mirrors and lenses that are around 1/10 th of the sizes that are actually used these days. Microwave components can be easily expanded to make a practical quantum computer system. Also by using microwaves they were able to reduce errors that are however caused by using laser beams due to incorrect pointing issues and power.
Scientist Dietrich Leibfried said that it may be possible to have a quantum computer of a size of smart phone in near future. More powerful quantum computer can be made up to a size of Desktop PC

Helmet charges cellphone

Helmet that Charges Cell Phones Using Solar and Wind Power

.The latest invention coming from Pragnesh Dudhaiya and Aalok Bhatt, two students studying electrical engineering at the Nirma University in Ahmedabad, is a helmet that can be used as a cell phone charger.
By harnessing solar and wind energy, the helmet is able to charge a cell phone in about 40 minutes. The students announced that they are going to file for a patent for their latest invention. It is worth mentioning that the number of accidents in the city increases and more people get serious injuries due to the fact that they do not wear helmets, reports SiliconIndia.
According to Pragnesh and Aalok, their helmet will motivate people to use head protection while on the road. To be able to come up with the innovation, the students needed only three days. During the day the helmet uses solar energy to charge a cell phone, and at night it harnesses wind energy. Pragnesh mentioned that the price for helmet will be Rs. 1,000 (about $22).

Battery from paper

Latest Invention: World's First Battery Powered by Paper

Sony has recently announced it managed to come up with a battery powered by paper. However, the whole process is more complex than simply using a standard paper.
The batteries developed by the Japanese tech giant make use of enzymes in order to break down the glucose found in the cellulose of the paper (which by the way is made of wood pulp fibers).
It would be interesting to note that Sony was able to demonstrate its bio-battery. The demo took place at the Eco-Products exhibition in Tokyo. During the presentation the paper was placed into a mix of water and enzymes. After a couple of minutes the liquid started generating enough power to activate a small fan.
After enzymes broke down the paper, they were left with sugar that was produced from cellulose. Then they were able to process the sugar to produce hydrogen ions and electrons. The latter then went through an outer circuit to produce power. Mixed with oxygen in the air, the hydrogen ions were then able to create H2O.
"This is the same mechanism with which termites eat wood to get energy. Bio batteries are environmentally friendly and have great potential as they use no metals or harmful chemicals," explained Chisato Kitsukawa, a PR manager at Sony.

Naro-tartaruga

Coming Soon: Robot Sea Turtles That Carry Cargo in Their Shells

Naro-Tartaruga can carry plenty of payload and still move through the water with ease. Turtle Power!

Turtlebot One of the concept designs for the naro-tartaruga robot looks like a full-size sea turtle. ETH Zurich

The makers of quadrocopters and other fun robots at ETH Zurich may be landlubbers, but that does not stop them from designing objects that swim. The Swiss students are working on a turtle-inspired bot that can swim with efficiency while carrying plenty of cargo. The Naro-Tartaruga may not be as glide-y as a fish or eelbot, but it might be easier to build, and it is better for carrying payloads and robot parts like batteries and controllers.
As of now, the robot is a cylindrical aluminum vessel with turtle-inspired flippers, which will help it propel itself through the water. Concept designs include the more realistic-looking turtlebot seen above. The research team at ETH Zurich started with a tuna in 2008, studying how to imitate its movement in water. The main goal is to pick a winner between flapping fins and propellers. Whichever is more efficient could power new generations of ocean-inspired underwater autonomous vehicles.

language translator

Gadget that Translates Dog's Language

Want to understand what your dog is barking? For the first time presented in 2002, the Bowlingual comes back, the gadget examines a dog's bark and then identifies its emotion. The latest invention was developed by toymaker Takara Tomy, which looks forward to present the toy in August. Currently the gadget is expected to be sold only in Japan.

It is worth mentioning that Takara Tomy's latest invention was initially developed by an audio researcher and a veterinarian. The goal was to study and then convey the sound of a dog's bark. The company claims that its new device is able to identify and interpret six basic emotions.

The first version featured a microphone that had to be worn around a dog's neck. There was also a handheld unit that read the information sent from the microphone. The unit then identified the dog's emotion and showed the corresponding information on its screen. The current invention includes a more compact unit that incorporates a speech synthesizer that audibly informs you about the things your pet attempts to communicate. The unit also shows the information on the screen. You can find more curious and interesting latest inventions here at www.infoniac.com; please consider checking the links at the bottom of the story.

If the user wants to analyze the information later, they can save it. This latest invention also features an answering machine function, which allows the user to track the dog's feelings when the owner is away. It is worth mentioning that in 2002, when the invention was introduced, the Time Magazine marked it as a "Best Invention of 2002." Takara Tomy even gave several Bowlinguals to Vladimir Putin for his dogs.

Up till now there has been no information about the release date of new Bowlingual in the United States. When it hit the stores in Japan, the gadget will cost about $220.

smallest laser

Latest Invention: The Smallest Laser in the World Created by US Researchers

The latest invention of American researchers is the laser that claims to be the smallest in the world. They managed to develop the laser by squeezing light into a space that is even tinier than a protein molecule. Their latest invention could be a significant breakthrough in the field of optical technology, making one step closer to nanolasers, which can be used to investigate and manipulate DNA. In addition, the laser can lead to the creation of super-fast computers and improved telecommunications.
The team of researchers was led by Professor Xiang Zhang. He mentioned that the plasmon laser constricts light into a gap that is only 5nm wide. An important step was the ability to detain light in a small space for a specific period of time required for light to stabilize into a "coherent" laser state, having all of its waves synchronized.
It is worth mentioning that plasmons are in fact wave-like movements of excited electrons on the surfaces of different metals. By connecting light to these oscillations, scientists managed to compress it further than usually, reports The Telegraph. More information on lasers and latest inventions you can find here at www.IfoNIAC.com, please check the links at the bottom of the story.
Professor Zhang, from the University of California at Berkeley said: "Plasmon lasers represent an exciting class of coherent light sources capable of extremely small confinement. This work can bridge the worlds of electronics and optics at truly molecular length scales." Their latest invention was described in the online version of the journal Nature. The scientist who co-authored the research, Dr Thomas Zentgraf, from the University's Nanoscale Science and Engineering Centre, stated: "The advantages of optics over electronics are multifold. For example, devices will be more power efficient at the same time they offer increased speed or bandwidth."

climate variation

Japanese Earth Simulator Predicts Seasonal Climate Variations

At JAMSTEC's Application Laboratory, Professor Toshio Yamagata, from the Graduate School of Science at the University of Tokyo, makes use of the Earth Simulator. This is part of a project meant to help forecast climate variations.
It was reported that seasonal prediction information simulated by the Earth Simulator allows specialists to figure out the mechanisms of global climate variations that take place as a result of global warming. At the same time the simulator makes is possible to improve infrastructure in developing countries in a way to prevent disasters.
In addition, the information provided by the Earth Simulator can be used to halt the spread of diseases, carried by vectors such as mosquitoes.
Information on climate variation can also be used in developed countries to predict the supply and demand for energy and food, alterations in prices, revenue from foods and beverages, as well as demand for various consumables.
Professor Yamagata also looks forward to using data offered by the Earth Simulator to provide information services around the world.

Two Planets

Amazing Event - Two Planets Collided

                                                                                                                                                                                      

                                  Astronomers at UCLA, Tennessee State University and the California Institute of Technology have reported that two terrestrial planets orbiting a mature sun-like star some 300 light-years from Earth recently suffered a violent collision."

Astronomer are now writing a report on this event in December issue of the Astrophysical Journal.




ACCORDING TO ASTRONOMERS:

According to Benjamin Zuckerman, (Professor of physics and astronomy in UCLA), this collision was just like if Earth and Venus collided with each other,". It is the first time that Astronomers have seen such collision.
Co-author of the report and astronomer in Tennessee State University, Dr. Gregory Henry says, "If any life was present on either planet, the massive collision would have wiped out everything in a matter of minutes - the ultimate extinction event." After that collision a massive disk of infrared-emitting dust has encircled the star.

HOW THE REASEARCH CAME OUT:

Zuckerman, Henry and Michael Muno, were studying a star BD+20307 located in the constellation Aries and surrounded by a 1 million times more dust than is orbiting our sun. These astronomers gathered X-ray data using the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory and brightness data from one of TSU's automated telescopes in southern Arizona, hoping to measure the age of the star.

They thought that BD+20 307 was relatively young, a few hundred million years old , with the massive dust ring which signals the final stages in the formation of the star's planetary system. But Alycia Weinberger of Carnegie Institution of Washington announced that BD+20 307 is actually a close binary star means two stars orbiting around their common center of mass.

The new spectroscopic data collected after this announcement confirmed that BD+20 307 is composed of two stars, both very similar in mass, temperature and size to our own sun and they orbit about their common center of mass every 3.42 days. Further research also shown that these stars are much more older than estimated before. Instead of few hundred million years these stars are several billion years old.

The planetary collision in BD+20 307 was not observed directly but rather was inferred from the extraordinary quantity of dust particles that orbit the binary pair at about the same distance as Earth and Venus are from our sun. Henry said. "If this dust does indeed point to the presence of terrestrial planets, then this represents the first known example of planets of any mass in orbit around a close binary star."

BD+20 307: THE EARLIER THOUGHTS

Zuckerman and colleagues first reported in the journal Nature in July 2005 that BD+20 307, then still thought to be a single star, was surrounded by more warm orbiting dust than any other sun-like star known to astronomers. The dust is orbiting the binary system very closely, where Earth-like planets are most likely to be and where dust typically cannot survive long. Small dust particles get pushed away by stellar radiation, while larger pieces get reduced to dust in collisions within the disk and are then whisked away.

Thus, the dust-forming collision near BD+20 307 must have taken place rather recently, probably within the past few hundred thousand years and perhaps much more recently, the astronomers said.

NOW THE TWO IMPORTANT QUESTION IS:

After this all research the two most important questions before astronomers are:

1.) How do planetary orbits become destabilized in such an old, mature system?

2) Could such a collision happen in our own solar system?

According to some esteemed astronomers, there is small probability for collisions of Mercury with Earth or Venus sometime in the next billion years or more.




According to Zuckerman, major collisions have occurred in our solar system's in past. It is believed by many astronomers that our moon was formed from the collision of two planetary embryos - the young Earth and a body about the size of Mars - a crash which created tremendous debris, some of which condensed to form the moon and some of which went into orbit around the young sun. The collision of an asteroid with Earth 65 million years ago, which ultimately resulted in the demise of dinosaurs is also an example of such collision.

FUNDING

This research is federally funded by the National Science Foundation and NASA and also by Tennessee State University and the state of Tennessee, through its Centers of Excellence program.

3D Processor

3-Dimensional Computer Processor

                 Scientist at University of Rochesterb have developed a new generation of Computer Processors. These processors are based on 3-Dimensional Circuits in contrary to 2-Dimensional Circuits of today.

This can be said as the next major advance in computer processors technology. The latest 3-D processor is running at 1.4 gigahertz in the labs of University.

PAST ATTEMPTS VS LATEST RESEARCH

In the past attempts of making 3-D chips, scientist were just making a stack of regular processors. But at University of Rochesterb it was designed and built specifically to optimize all key processing functions vertically, through multiple layers of processors, the same way ordinary chips optimize functions horizontally.

This design means that every tasks such as Synchronicity, Power Distribution, and Long-Distance Signaling are all fully functioning in three dimensions for the first time.

EBY FRIEDMAN: THE MAN BEHIND 3-D CHIPS

Eby Friedman and his students has designed this chip, which uses many of the tricks of regular processors, but also accounts for different impedances that might occur from chip to chip, different operating speeds, and different power requirements. According to Eby Friedman, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rochester and faculty director of the pro of the processor says:- "I call it a cube now, because it's not just a chip anymore. This is the way computing is going to have to be done in the future. When the chips are flush against each other, they can do things you could never do with a regular 2D chip"




TODAYS INTEGRATED CHIPS AND PROBLEMS

The problem with today's technology of integrated circuits is that, beyond a limit it is impossible to pack more chips next to each other which limits the capabilities of future processors. So number of integrated circuit designers anticipate someday expanding into the third dimension, stacking transistors on top of each other.

IMPORTANCE

Vertical Expansion of chips has lots of technical difficulties and the only solution to this is to design a 3-D chip where all the layers interact like a single system. According to Friedman: Getting all three levels of the 3-D chip to act in harmony is like trying to devise a traffic control system for the entire United States-and then layering two more United States above the first and somehow getting every bit of traffic from any point on any level to its destination on any other level-while simultaneously coordinating the traffic of millions of other drivers.
Now if we replace the two United States layers to something more complicated like China and India where the driving laws and roads are quite different, and the complexity and challenge of designing a single control system to work in any chip begins to become apparent.

The 3-D Chip is essentially an entire circuit board folded up into a tiny package. With this technology the chips inside something like an iPod could be compacted to a tenth their current size with ten times the speed.

white spaces

“White Spaces” Wi-Fi

Hidden between individual television channels is a small but valuable collection of airwaves that will allow for a kind of “super Wi-Fi” network.
The Federal Communications Commission recently opened up the spectrum that sits between television channels numbered 1 through 51. Wireless communications in those “white spaces” have been permitted since Jan. 26 in Wilmington, N.C., the FCC’s designated testbed location. After the bugs are worked out, the spaces will be opened up nationally in the coming months.
The FCC designated the white spaces as “unlicensed” band, meaning anyone can broadcast in it for free. It‘s a primo band that sits lower than today’s Wi-Fi, allowing signals to travel over significantly longer distances and through buildings and walls.
It’ll take time for all the necessary infrastructure — including new chipsets for smartphones and other devices — to roll out, but FCC expects the expansion to lead to innovative new kinds of wireless networks, including connected highways, schools, parks and towns. Wireless carriers scrounging for more spectrum could also begin to broadcast Wi-Fi to customer-dense areas to reduce stress on their 3G and 4G networks.

windows 8

Microsoft Windows 8

Windows 8 has a completely new visual interface that‘s unlike anything you’ve seen on a PC before. It’s optimized for touch screens on mobile devices like tablets, but it will also work for those with a traditional mouse and keyboard setup.
The result is a computer that operates as a hybrid, with all the functions of a standard PC operating system but the user experience of a tablet

light-field camera

Lytro’s Light-Field Camera

Ever snapped a picture in a hurry, looked back and realized you forgot to focus? The much-hyped Lytro has the solution, with a light-field camera that lets you adjust a picture after it’s been snapped.
“What‘s often been said about us is that we’re camera 3.0,” says Kira Wampler, Lytro’s vice president of marketing. “You can do things that you’ve never been able to do before.”
Lytro CEO Ren Ng worked for six years to commercialize the technology, which he pioneered as part of his Ph.D. research at Stanford University. [...] It comes in two models: a $399 8 GB camera in Graphite or Electric Blue that takes 350 pictures, or a 16 GB “Red Hot” model for $499 that holds 750 pictures.

apple

Anything released by Apple (hear us out)

Let’s face it, the most talked-about tech product (or products) this year will probably come from Apple.
The company is widely rumored to be prepping a television for release in 2012 that will run its Apple TV software. Though Apple TV set-top box sales haven’t been impressive, the late Steve Jobs told biographer Walter Isaacson that he had “finally cracked” the code for success. Jobs said that the device Apple is creating will have a simple user interface and will sync easily with other devices in the home.
[...]
Some Apple believe Apple had a more significantly overhauled iPhone in the works that just wasn’t quite ready to launch last fall. It could make an appearance this year.

google's googgles

Google’s virtual reality goggles

Augmented reality may end up being one of the hottest fashion accessories of 2012. Google is secretly working on Android-powered virtual reality glasses that it plans to begin selling by the end of the year, according to reports in the New York Times and the blog 9 to 5 Google.
Details are scant about the rumored glasses, but the basic idea is to beam contextually relevant information straight to your eyeballs. Like augmented reality apps, the glasses could deliver an added layer of information about, say, a landmark you’re looking at, or offer up a discount to a restaurant that catches your gaze.
“If facial recognition software becomes accurate enough, the glasses could remind a wearer of when and how he met the vaguely familiar person standing in front of him at a party,” the New York Times’ Nick Bilton theorizes. “They might also be used for virtual reality games that use the real world as the playground.”

nanotechnology

Latest Invention: Tea Bag that Uses Nanotechnology to Clean Drinking Water

One of the latest inventions developed by researchers from Stellenbosch University in South Africa is a one of a kind "tea bag" that makes use of nanotechnology to clean drinking water, making it free from contaminants and bacteria.
It would be interesting to note that the "tea bag" is made of the same material that is used to make the actual tea bags. The only difference is that in the Stellenbosch researchers' invention the ingredients are nanoscale fibers and grains of carbon, reports io9.
Both fibers and grains of carbon filter water from all hazardous contaminants. In order to purify the water, the user needs to place the tea bag in the neck of a water bottle. The tea bag filters the water when the person drinks from the bottle.
One bag can be used to filter up to 1 liter of water and it costs less than a half of an American cent.

tongue drive system

Tongue Drive System to Operate Computers

Scientists developed a new revolutionary system to help individuals with disabilities to control wheelchairs, computers and other devices simply by using their tongue.
Engineers at the Georgia Institute of Technology say that a new technology called Tongue Drive system will be helpful to individuals with serious disabilities, such as those with severe spinal cord injuries and will allow them to lead more active and independent lives.
Individuals using a tongue-based system should only be able to move their tongue, which is especially important if a person has paralyzed limbs. A tiny magnet, only a size of a grain of rice, is attached to an individual's tongue using implantation, piercing or adhesive. This technology allows a disabled person to use tongue when moving a computer mouse or a powered wheelchair.
Scientists chose the tongue to control the system because unlike the feet and the hands, which are connected by brain through spinal cord, the tongue and the brain has a direct connection through cranial nerve. In case when a person has a severe spinal cord injure or other damage, the tongue will remain mobile to activate the system. "Tongue movements are also fast, accurate and do not require much thinking, concentration or effort." said Maysam Ghovanloo, an assistant professor in the Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer Engineering.
The motions of the magnet attached to the tongue are spotted by a number of magnetic field sensors installed on a headset worn outside or an orthodontic brace inside the mouth. The signals coming from the sensors are wirelessly sent to a portable computer that placed on a wheelchair or attached to an individual's clothing.
The Tongue system is developed to recognize a wide array of tongue movements and to apply specific movements to certain commands, taking into account user's oral anatomy, abilities and lifestyle."The ability to train our system with as many commands as an individual can comfortably remember is a significant advantage over the common sip-n-puff device that acts as a simple switch controlled by sucking or blowing through a straw," said Ghovanloo.
The Tongue Drive system is touch-free, wireless and non-invasive technology that needs no surgery for its operation.
During the trials of the system, six able-bodied participants were trained to use tongue commands to control the computer mouse. The individuals repeated several motions left, right, up and down, single- and double-click to perform computer mouse tasks.
The results of the trials showed 100 percent of commands were accurate with the response time less than one second, which equals to an information transfer rate of approximately 150 bits per minute.
Scientists also plan to test the ability of the system to operate by people with severe disabilities. The next step of the research is to develop software to connect the Tongue Drive system to great number of devices such as text generators, speech synthesizers and readers. Also the researchers plan to upgrade the system by introducing the standby mode to allow the individual to eat, sleep or talk, while prolonging the battery life.

4G Technology

4G Technology

Fourth Generation (4G) mobiles

4G also called as Fourth-Generation Communications System, is a term used to describe the next step in wireless communications. A 4G system can provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be provided to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis. The data transfer rates are also much higher than previous generations.

The main objectives of 4G are:

1)4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system.

2)This will be capable of providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s speeds both indoors and outdoors.

3)It can provide premium quality and high security.

4)4G offer all types of services at an affordable cost.

4G is developed to provide high quality of service (QoS) and rate requirements set by forthcoming applications such as wireless broadband access, Multimedia Messaging, Video Chat, Mobile TV, High definition TV content, DVB, minimal service like voice and data, and other streaming services.

4G technology allow high-quality smooth video transmission. It will enable fast downloading of full-length songs or music pieces in real time.

The business and popularity of 4Gmobiles is predicted to be very vast. On an average, by 2009, this 4Gmobile market will be over $400B and it will dominate the wireless communications, and its converged system will replace most conventional wireless infrastructure.

Data Rates For 4G:

The downloading speed for mobile Internet connections is from 9.6 kbit/s for 2G cellular at present. However, in actual use the data rates are usually slower, especially in crowded areas, or when there is congestion in network.

4G mobile data transmission rates are planned to be up to 20 megabits per second which means that it will be about 10-20 times faster than standard ASDL services.

In terms of connection seeds, 4G will be about 200 times faster than present 2G mobile data rates, and about 10 times faster than 3G broadband mobile. 3G data rates are currently 2Mbit/sec, which is very fast compared to 2G's 9.6Kbit/sec.